Demonstrative atau kata tunjuk menunjukkan jarak relatif suatu objek, kejadian, atau seseorang dari penutur. Kata-kata ini dapat merujuk ke kedekatan atau jarak fisik maupun psikologi. Kata tunjuk dekat sering digunakan untuk merujuk ke kejadian saat ini, sedangkan kata tunjuk jauh sering merujuk ke kejadian di masa lalu.
| Dekat dengan penutur | Jauh dari penutur | |
|---|---|---|
| Kata keterangan | Here | There |
| Kata tunjuk dengan kata benda tunggal dan tidak dapat dihitung | This | That |
| Kata tunjuk dengan kata benda jamak dan dapat dihitung | These | Those |
Penggunaan kata tunjuk
Contoh
| Dekat dengan penutur | Jauh dari penutur |
|---|---|
| Is this John's house? | Is that John's house over there? |
| This is a nice surprise! | That must have been a nice surprise for you. |
| These apples are mine. | Those apples are yours. |
| What are you up to these days? | Those days are long gone. |
| This time I won't be late. | We really surprised you that time. |
| This sugar is for my crepes. | You can use that sugar for your cake. |
Penempatan pada kalimat
Kata tunjuk dapat diletakkan sebelum kata benda atau kata sifat yang memodifikasi kata benda.
Contoh
- This blue car needs to be washed next.
- Those people were here first.
- That metal rod should work.
- These oranges are delicious.
Kata tunjuk juga dapat diletakkan sebelum angka saat kata benda sudah diketahui dari konteks.
Contoh
- I'd like to try on that one.
- This one is broken.
- I'll take these three.
- Those two are not as pretty as these two.
Kata tunjuk dapat digunakan sendirian saat kata benda yang dimodifikasi oleh kata tunjuk tersebut sudah diketahui dari konteks.
Contoh
- I'll never forget this.
- That has nothing to do with me.
- I didn't ask for these.
- Those aren't mine.
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